|
PCL-YV
|
|
Total score mean (SD)
|
19.76 (8.52)
|
20.32 (6.50)
|
t = −0.261
|
0.795
|
d = −0.073
|
|
Factor 1 (interpersonal)
|
1.56 (2.18)
|
1.68 (1.86)
|
t = −0.209
|
0.835
|
d = −0.060
|
|
Factor 2 (affective)
|
4.44 (2.38)
|
3.24 (2.33)
|
t = 1.793
|
0.079
|
d = 0.518
|
|
Factor 3 (behavioral)
|
6.44 (2.83)
|
7.64 (1.87)
|
t = −1.770
|
0.083
|
d = 0.511
|
|
Factor 4 (antisocial)
|
5.52 (2.62)
|
6.88 (1.74)
|
t = −2.164
|
0.035
|
d = 0.624
|
|
Total score > 30
|
3/25 (12.0 %)
|
3/25 (12.0 %)
|
#
|
1.000
|
NA
|
|
Total score > 25
|
8/25 (32.0 %)
|
7/25 (28.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.095
|
0.758
|
φ = −0.044
|
|
Total score > 20
|
16/25 (64.0 %)
|
14/25 (56.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.333
|
0.564
|
φ = −0.082
|
|
Item mean (SD)
|
|
Impression management
|
0.44 (0.58)
|
0.48 (0.51)
|
t = −0.209
|
0.795
|
d = 0.060
|
|
Grandiose sense of self-worth
|
0.32 (0.56)
|
0.40 (0.65)
|
t = 0.469
|
0.641
|
d = 0.135
|
|
Stimulation-seeking
|
1.44 (0.71)
|
1.92 (0.28)
|
t = −3.142
|
0.003
|
d = 0.907
|
|
Pathological lying
|
0.32 (0.69)
|
0.40 (0.76)
|
t = −0.389
|
0.699
|
d = 0.113
|
|
Manipulation for personal gain
|
0.52 (0.77)
|
0.36 (0.70)
|
t = 0.769
|
0.446
|
d = 0.222
|
|
Lack of remorse/guilt
|
1.32 (0.75)
|
0.92 (0.76)
|
t = 1.876
|
0.067
|
d = 0.542
|
|
Shallow affect
|
0.88 (0.83)
|
0.72 (0.69)
|
t = 0.745
|
0.460
|
d = 0.215
|
|
Callous/lack of empathy
|
1.00 (0.71)
|
0.72 (0.61)
|
t = 1.495
|
0.141
|
d = 0.432
|
|
Parasitic orientation
|
0.64 (0.76)
|
0.84 (0.80)
|
t = −0.908
|
0.368
|
d = 0.262
|
|
Poor anger control
|
1.36 (0.70)
|
1.84 (0.37)
|
t = −3.024
|
0.004
|
d = 0.873
|
|
Impersonal sexual behavior
|
0.80 (0.96)
|
0.36 (0.64)
|
t = 1.912
|
0.062
|
d = 0.552
|
|
Early problem behavior
|
1.20 (0.91)
|
1.68 (0.56)
|
t = −2.245
|
0.039
|
d = 0.648
|
|
Lack of goals
|
1.52 (0.71)
|
1.40 (0.76)
|
t = 0.574
|
0.569
|
d = 0.166
|
|
Impulsivity
|
1.56 (0.71)
|
1.92 (0.28)
|
t = −2.357
|
0.023
|
d = 0.680
|
|
Irresponsibility
|
1.28 (0.69)
|
1.64 (0.57)
|
t = −2.034
|
0.048
|
d = 0.587
|
|
Failure to accept responsibility
|
1.24 (0.60)
|
0.88 (0.73)
|
t = 1.915
|
0.061
|
d = 0.553
|
|
Unstable interpersonal relationships
|
1.00 (0.96)
|
0.28 (0.61)
|
t = 3.166
|
0.003
|
d = 0.914
|
|
Serious criminal behavior
|
1.48 (0.51)
|
1.60 (0.50)
|
t = −0.840
|
0.405
|
d = 0.242
|
|
Serious violation of conditional release
|
0.48 (0.65)
|
0.32 (0.48)
|
t = 0.990
|
0.327
|
d = 0.286
|
|
Criminal versatility
|
1.00 (0.82)
|
1.48 (0.71)
|
t = −2.213
|
0.032
|
d = 0.639
|
|
Background variables
|
|
Childhood (0–12 years) home
|
|
Parents’ divorce
|
16/25 (64.0 %)
|
17/24 (70.8 %)
|
X2 = 0.260
|
0.610
|
φ = 0.073
|
|
Mother’s substance use problems
|
10/25 (40.0 %)
|
5/25 (20.0 %)
|
#
|
0.217
|
NA
|
|
Father’s substance use problems
|
14/24 (58.3 %)
|
17/24 (70.8 %)
|
X2 = 0.820
|
0.365
|
φ = 0.131
|
|
Mother’s psychiatric problems
|
5/25 (20.0 %)
|
8/25 (32.0 %)
|
#
|
0.520
|
NA
|
|
Father’s psychiatric problems
|
3/24 (12.5 %)
|
6/24 (25.0 %)
|
#
|
0.461
|
NA
|
|
Witnessing physical violence
|
13/25 (52.0 %)
|
12/25 (48.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.080
|
0.777
|
φ = −0.400
|
|
Subject of physical violence
|
15/25 (60.0 %)
|
9/25 (36.0 %)
|
X2 = 2.885
|
0.089
|
φ = −0.240
|
|
More than four children in the family
|
11/25 (44.0 %)
|
9/25 (36.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.333
|
0.564
|
φ = −0.082
|
|
Institutional/foster home placement
|
7/25 (28.0 %)
|
10/25 (40.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.802
|
0.370
|
φ = 0.127
|
|
Other childhood (0–12 years) variables
|
|
Subject of sexual abuse
|
9/25 (36.0 %)
|
0/25 (0.0 %)
|
#
|
0.001
|
NA
|
|
Mental health contact
|
8/25 (32.0 %)
|
9/25 (36.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.089
|
0.765
|
φ = 0.042
|
|
Client of social services
|
15/25 (60.0 %)
|
18/25 (72.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.802
|
0.370
|
φ = 0.127
|
|
Criminality of near relatives
|
|
Mother’s criminality
|
1/25 (4.0 %)
|
0/25 (0.0 %)
|
#
|
1.000
|
NA
|
|
Father’s criminality
|
7/24 (28.0 %)
|
8/24 (32.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.097
|
0.755
|
φ = 0.045
|
|
Delinquent sibling/s
|
8/25 (32.0 %)
|
10/25 (40.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.347
|
0.556
|
φ = 0.083
|
|
Homicide history of parents or near relatives
|
5/25 (20.0 %)
|
2/25 (8.0 %)
|
#
|
0.417
|
NA
|
|
School performance in primary and secondary schools
|
|
Failure to pass grade at school
|
14/25 (56.0 %)
|
14/25 (56.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.082
|
0.774
|
φ = −0.041
|
|
Attending special education
|
11/25 (44.0 %)
|
14/25 (56.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.720
|
0.396
|
φ = 0.120
|
|
Offence-related variables
|
|
History of previous offending
|
19/25 (76.0 %)
|
21/25 (84.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.500
|
0.480
|
φ = 0.100
|
|
History of violent offending
|
8/25 (32.0 %)
|
12/25 (48.0 %)
|
X2 = 1.333
|
0.246
|
φ = 0.163
|
|
Current alcohol use disorder
|
15/25 (60.0 %)
|
15/25 (60.0 %)
|
X2 = 0.000
|
1.000
|
φ = 0.000
|
|
Intoxicated during index offence
|
15/25 (60.0 %)
|
22/25 (88.0 %)
|
X2 = 5.094
|
0.024
|
φ = 0.319
|
|
More than one offender
|
15/25 (60.0 %)
|
10/25 (40.0 %)
|
X2 = 2.000
|
0.157
|
φ = −0.200
|
|
More than one victim
|
3/25 (12.0 %)
|
5/24 (20.8 %)
|
#
|
0.463
|
NA
|
|
Victim-offender relationship
|
|
Family or (ex-) intimate
|
9/24 (37.5 %)
|
0/24 (0.0 %)
|
#
|
0.001
|
NA
|
|
Acquaintance
|
11/24 (45.8 %)
|
5/24 (20.8 %)
|
#
|
0.062
|
NA
|
|
Stranger
|
4/24 (16.7 %)
|
19/24 (79.2 %)
|
#
|
<0.001
|
NA
|
|
Index offence characterized with instrumental violence
|
7/25 (28 %)
|
9/25 (36 %)
|
X2 = 0.368
|
0.544
|
φ = 0.086
|
