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Predictors
|
Model 1
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Model 2
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Model 3
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|---|
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OR
|
95% (CI)
|
pa
|
OR
|
95% (CI)
|
p
|
OR
|
95% (CI)
|
p
|
|---|
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Sociodemographic variables
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|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
Ref.
| | |
Ref.
| | |
Ref.
| | |
|
Female
|
0.64
|
(0.38–1.07)
|
0.089
|
0.67
|
(0.39–1.17)
|
0.159
|
0.65
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(0.37–1.13)
|
0.122
|
|
Age (years)
|
|
3–4
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Ref.
| | |
Ref.
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Ref.
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|
5–6
|
0.84
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(0.50–1.40)
|
0.50
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0.92
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(0.53–1.59)
|
0.757
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0.89
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(0.51–1.56)
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0.692
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|
Geographical region
|
|
East
|
Ref.
| | |
Ref.
| | |
Ref.
| | |
|
West
|
1.47
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(0.72–2.98)
|
0.29
|
1.83
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(0.84–3.95)
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0.126
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1.94
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(0.88–4.31)
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0.103
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Risk factors
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|
Parental mental health
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|
Not impaired
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Ref.
| | |
Ref.
| | |
|
Impaired
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
2.76
|
(1.05–7.29)
|
0.040
|
2.06
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(0.69–6.15)
|
0.193
|
|
Child’s temperament
|
|
Easy
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Ref.
| | |
Ref.
| | |
|
Difficult
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
4.83
|
(2.20–10.61)
|
0.000
|
3.85
|
(1.67–8.85)
|
0.002
|
|
Parental SES
|
|
High
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Ref.
| | |
Ref.
| | |
|
Middle
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.84
|
(0.42–1.71)
|
0.636
|
0.84
|
(0.41–1.72)
|
0.64
|
|
Low
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
2.18
|
(1.09–4.36)
|
0.028
|
2.12
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(1.04–4.31)
|
0.039
|
|
Protective factors
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|
Parental social support
|
|
Low
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Ref.
| | |
|
Moderate
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
1.08
|
(0.42–2.82)
|
0.868
|
|
High
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.98
|
(0.41–2.32)
|
0.961
|
|
Parental competence
|
|
Low
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Ref.
| | |
|
Moderate
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.42
|
(0.17–1.00)
|
0.051
|
|
High
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.36
|
(0.14–0.90)
|
0.029
|
|
Model accuracy
|
|
Nagelkerkes R2
|
0.02
|
0.15
|
0.17
|
|
Hosmer–Lemeshow test
|
χ2 1.09, p = 0.96
|
χ2 4.71, p = 0.79
|
χ2 7.73, p = 0.46
|
- Italics statistically significant
-
MHPs mental health problems, OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, Ref. reference category, SES socioeconomic status
-
ap value determined using bivariate logistic regression analyses
