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Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of ADHD subgroup as compared to psychiatric controls subgroup and healthy subgroup

From: Prevalence and correlates of ADHD among adolescents in a Beirut community sample: results from the BEI-PSY Study

Characteristic ADHD
(N = 52) 		Psychiatric controls (N = 81) Healthy
(N = 377) 		Total sample (N = 510) Test statistic p value
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Age 13.67 2.06 13.84 2.11 13.99 2.16 13.94 2.14 H = 1.120 0.571
Mean household size 4.94 1.16 4.75 1.34 5.12 1.45 5.05 1.41 H = 4.481 0.093
  N % N % N % N %   
Male gender 35 67.31 42 51.85 207 54.91 284 55.69 \(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\) = 3.421 0.181
Lebanese nationals 49 94.23 70 86.42 340 90.19 459 90.00 \(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\) = 2.202 0.332
Parents relationship status          FET = 16.919 0.004†
 Married 46 88.46 66 81.48 355 94.16 467 91.57   
 Separated 2 3.85 6 7.41 7 1.86 15 2.94   
 Divorced 3 5.77 3 3.70 6 1.59 12 2.35   
 One parent deceased 1 1.92 6 7.41 9 2.39 16 3.14   
Biological father residing at home 46 88.46 71 87.65 356 94.43 473 92.75 FET = 6.247 0.043ˆ
Biological mother residing at home 48 92.31 75 92.59 368 97.61 491 96.27 FET = 7.288 0.021ˆ
Highest parental educational level          FET = 7.917 0.406
 Less than elementary 3 5.77 2 2.47 4 1.06 9 1.77   
 Up to middle school 16 30.77 28 34.57 117 31.03 161 31.57   
 High school degree 11 21.15 24 29.63 111 29.44 146 28.63   
 University bachelor’s degree 17 32.69 22 27.16 117 31.03 156 30.59   
 Master’s degree or above 5 9.62 5 6.17 28 7.43 38 7.45   
Total household monthly income (USD)          \(\chi_{df = 4}^{2}\) = 4.541 0.338
 233–800 20 39.22 36 44.44 126 33.78 182 36.04   
 801–1600 21 41.18 34 41.98 167 44.77 222 43.96   
 >1600 10 19.61 11 13.58 80 21.45 101 20.00   
Positive psychiatric family history 8* 15.38 5 6.25 15 4.00 28 5.49 FET = 9.387 0.006
School Attendance 47 90.38 75 90.12 363 96.29 483 94.71 FET = 7.248 0.022ˆ
Schooling          FET = 2.862 0.569
 Formal public school 10 21.28 23 31.51 117 32.23 150 31.06   
 Formal private school 36 76.60 47 64.38 231 63.64 314 65.01   
Repeated at least one school grade 21* 44.68 26 35.62 87 23.97 134 27.74 \(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\) = 11.566 0.003
Receives special education services 4 8.51 6 8.22 9 2.48 19 3.93 FET = 8.185 0.013ˆ
Receives tutoring at home 14* 29.79 20 27.40 42 11.57 76 15.73 \(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\)  = 19.236 <0.001
  1. H Kruskal–Wallis test, FET Fisher’s exact test, \(\chi_{df = 2}^{2}\): Pearson chi square (df degrees of freedom)
  2. †The proportions of married, separated, divorced and widowed parents were significantly different between the psychiatric controls subgroup and the healthy subgroup
  3. ˆ Pairwise comparisons were non-significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons
  4. * Significantly different than the healthy subgroup after adjusting for multiple comparisons
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000